Michael Espinoza

Michael Espinoza, Peru

CONFIDENCEB

SAMPLE14matches

CORE COVERAGE100%

WINDOW2026-09-06

REFEREE DNA · 7 DIMENSIONSreferee-dna-v0.1-research

Foul calling21

Fouls called per match relative to referee peers.

Discipline intensity38

Card points per match, with yellow = 1 and red = 3.

Red-card tendency75

Observed red cards per match relative to peers.

Card escalation29

Card points per 20 co-observed fouls.

Late discipline29

Share of observed cards shown from minute 75 onward.

Home-card differential38

Home minus away card points per match. This is an observed differential, not a bias label.

Discipline volatility4

Match-to-match variability in total card points.

EVIDENCE & INTERPRETATIONwhat the profile can and cannot say

Observed cards

59 card events across 14 observed matches; 7 red-card events.

Observed fouls

318 total fouls across 14 matches with complete foul statistics.

Home-card differential

A signed disciplinary difference only. It does not establish intent, favoritism or referee bias.

Peer context

Percentiles compare this referee only with eligible referees in Primera División 2026.

LINEAGEreferee-specific immutable evidence manifest

MODEL: referee-dna-v0.1-research
WINDOW END: 2026-09-06
MANIFEST: referee-source-manifest-v0.1
SOURCE SHA-256: 16153e6fdece033e446850860348366d0e6e265dd91d3051d7892ec26c2eb1e0